AleGEDStudiesandArticles
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GED Testing Service Research
GED Testing Service develops, delivers, and safeguards the GED Tests; analyzes the testing program and its participants; and develops policies, procedures, and programs to ensure equal access to the tests. A Program of the American Council on Education, GED Testing Service conducts numerous research studies pertaining to the GED testing program and its test-takers.
See below for links to the latest research studies available online at http://www.GEDtest.org.
- Young GED Examinees and Their Performance on the GED Tests (2009) GED Tests offer young adults who have left school a second chance for a credential, yet educators have concerns about policies for young GED examinees and their test performance. This study provides a comprehensive picture of GED examinees between 16 and 19 years old. What are their characteristics and how do state policies on minimum age influence their test performance? Study results show that younger GED examinees needing additional documentation and approval before testing performed comparably to examinees at the states’ standard minimum age. States with stricter age requirements may possibly encourage early test-takers to thoroughly prepare. In addition, the study suggests that taking and passing a practice test has a positive association with obtaining a GED credential. http://www.acenet.edu/Content/NavigationMenu/ged/pubs/FINAL_Young_GED_Examinees.pdf (PDF; 425KB)
- The Health Literacy of U.S. Adults Across GED Credential Recipients, High School Graduates, and Non–High School Graduates (2008) Health literacy is important for all adults. Because lower health literacy is associated with lower educational attainment, many adult basic and literacy education programs increasingly provide health education to low-literate adults to improve their health literacy. Using data from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), this study examined the health literacy of adults across GED credential recipients, high school graduates, and non–high school graduates by various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Specific populations with lower health literacy levels were identified so that adult education entities and policy makers can target these groups with more support, funding, and better programs to improve their health literacy skills. http://www.acenet.edu/Content/NavigationMenu/ged/pubs/FINAL_HealthLiteracy.pdf
- Economic and Noneconomic Outcomes for GED Credential Recipients (2008) The GED Tests are widely used to certify a high school level of academic knowledge and skills. The popularity and profound influence of the GED Tests have solicited numerous studies on the outcomes of obtaining a GED credential. Most studies on labor market outcomes for GED credential recipients have targeted specific groups for comparisons across age, gender, or geographic areas. Depending on the samples used and the research methodologies applied, the studies have yielded mixed results. Furthermore, scholars have noticed a scarcity of research on the noneconomic outcomes of GED credential recipients, such as their social participation, health, and parenting skills. This study provides evidence through a recently released nationally representative sample of adults, the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), on the economic outcomes as well as the noneconomic outcomes for GED credential recipients. On the economic outcomes, this study examines labor force participation, work history, weekly wage, and personal income. On the noneconomic outcomes, this study looks into political and social participation, family literacy, and health. http://www.acenet.edu/Content/NavigationMenu/ged/pubs/FINAL_Economicandnoneco.pdf
- The Literacy of U.S. Adults with Disabilities Across GED Credential Recipients, High School Graduates, and Non–High School Graduates (2008) To serve adults with disabilities without a high school diploma, the federal government and states have funded adult education and literacy programs that provide services to accommodate the needs of those adults. In addition, the Tests of General Educational Development (GED Tests) provide adults with disabilities with testing accommodations to minimize the impact of examinee characteristics on the assessment of academic knowledge and skills. Using data from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), this study examined the literacy level across GED credential recipients, high school graduates, and non–high school graduates. The study also provided evidence of the validity of the GED credential as an indication that adults with disabilities with a GED credential have achieved the literacy skills and knowledge equivalent to those skills and knowledge demonstrated by adults with disabilities with a high school diploma. http://www.acenet.edu/Content/NavigationMenu/ged/pubs/FINAL_Literacy.pdf
NCSALL Research
On the web site of the National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy (NCSALL) is a good collection of GED studies and articles, most or all of which are available free online at http://www.ncsall.net/index.php?id=61
These include the following:
- ( Note: FOB is a journal, Focus on Basics. FOP is a journal, Focus on Policy, and "Annual Review" refers to one of several volumes of the NCSALL annual Review of Adult Learning and Literacy. )
Implementation Isn't Easy
Janet Geary
(FOB, Volume 7, Issue A, June 2004)
Skills Matter in the Types of Jobs Young Dropouts Will First Hold
John Tyler
(FOB, Volume 7, Issue A, June 2004)
Youth in ABE: The Numbers
Jennifer Roloff Welch & Kathrynn Di Tommaso
(FOB, Volume 7, Issue A, June 2004)
Separate Yet Happy
Barbara Garner
(FOB, Volume 7, Issue A, June 2004)
A Conversation with FOB
Why Go Beyond the GED?
John Tyler
(FOB, Volume 6, Issue D, February 2004)
Fast Facts: The GED
Alice Johnson Cain
(FOP, Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2003)
Is the GED Valuable to Those Who Pass It?
Alice Johnson Cain
(FOP, Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2003)
Is it Time for the Adult Education System to Change Its Goal from High School Equivalency to College Readiness?
Alice Johnson Cain
(FOP, Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2003)
The GED Reduces Recidivism, Saves Money, and Reduces Crime
Steve Steurer
(FOP, Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2003)
A Model for Adult Education-to-Postsecondary Transition Programs
Alice Johnson Cain
(FOP, Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2003)
Teaching Materials: Helping Students Consider the Implications of Education...Beyond the GED
(FOP, Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2003)
Open to Interpretation: Multiple Intelligences Theory in Adult Literacy Education
Kallenbach, S. & Viens, J. (2002)
(NCSALL Report #21)
Adults with Learning Disabilities: A Review of the Literature
Mary Ann Corley, Juliana M. Taymans (2002)
(Annual Review, Vol. III: Chapter Three)
Research in Writing: Implications for Adult Literacy Education
Marilyn K. Gillespie (2001)
(Annual Review, Vol. II: Chapter Three)
Time to Reframe Politics and Practices in Correctional Education
Stefan LoBuglio (2001)
(Annual Review, Vol. II: Chapter Four)
A Mingling of Minds
Carol Eades
(FOB, Volume 5, Issue B, October 2001)
Classroom Dynamics in Adult Literacy Education(br>
Beder, H. & Medina, P. (2001)
(NCSALL Report #18)
Cognitive Skills Matter in the Labor Market, Even for School Dropouts
Tyler, J., Murnane, R. & Willett, J. (2000)
(NCSALL Report #15)
The Devil is in the Details: Evidence from the GED on the Role of Examination System Details in Determining Who Passes
Tyler, J., Murnane, R. & Willett, J. (2000)
(NCSALL Report #16)
Affecting Change in the Literacy Practice of Adult Learners:Impact of Two Dimensions of Instruction
Purcell-Gates, V., Degener, S., Jacobson, E. & Soler, M. (2000)
(NCSALL Report #17)
Do the Cognitive Skills of Dropouts Matter in the Labor Market?
John Tyler
(FOB, Volume 4, Issue A, March 2000)
The Outcomes and Impacts of Adult Literacy Education in the United States
Beder, H. (1999)
(NCSALL Report #6)
The Outcomes and Impacts of Adult Literacy Education in the United States—Appendix A: Abstracts of Studies Reviewed
Medina, P. (1999)
(NCSALL Report #6A)
Persistence Among Adult Basic Education Students in Pre-GED Classes
Comings, J., Parrella, A. & Soricone, L. (1999)
(NCSALL Report #12)
The Year 1998 in Review
Fran Tracy-Mumford (1999)
(Annual Review, Vol. I: Chapter One)
Lessons of Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children for Adult Learning and Literacy
Catherine E. Snow and John Strucker (1999)
(Annual Review, Vol. I: Chapter Two)
Youth in Adult Literacy Education Programs
Elisabeth Hayes (1999)
(Annual Review, Vol. I: Chapter Three)
Adult Literacy and Postsecondary Education Students: Overlapping Populations and Learning Trajectories
Stephen Reder (1999)
(Annual Review, Vol. I: Chapter Four)
A Primer on Adult Learning and Literacy in the United Kingdom
Mary Hamilton and Juliet Merrifield (1999)
(Annual Review, Vol. I: Chapter Seven)
MI, the GED, and Me
Martha Jean
(FOB, Volume 3, Issue A, March 1999)
Articulating Learning with EFF Standards
Jane J. Meyer
(FOB, Volume 3, Issue C, September 1999)
Teaching to the Math Standards with Adult Learners
Esther D. Leonelli
(FOB, Volume 3, Issue C, September 1999)
NCSALL Research Finding: The GED: Whom Does It Help?
John H. Tyler
(FOB, Volume 2, Issue B, June 1998)
Project-Based Learning and the GED
Anson M. Green
(FOB, Volume 2, Issue B, June 1998)
Retention and the GED
Jamie D. Barron Jones
(FOB, Volume 2, Issue B, June 1998)
The Spanish GED
Anastasia K. Cotton and Bertha Cantú-Luján
(FOB, Volume 2, Issue B, June 1998)
Changing Approaches to Math
Cynthia J. Zengler
(FOB, Volume 2, Issue B, June 1998)
Focus on Research: NCSALL's The Process of Passing the GED
Barbara Garner
(FOB, Volume 2, Issue B, June 1998)
Letter to the Editor
John H. Tyler
(FOB, Volume 2, Issue C, September 1998)
Turning Obstacles into Opportunities
Deborah L. Johnson
(FOB, Volume 2, Issue D, December 1998)
A Productive Partnership
Richard J. Murnane and Bob Bickerton
(FOB, Volume 1, Issue A, February 1997)
Hooked on Learning: The Internet Poetry Project
Linda Parrish
(FOB, Volume 1, Issue D, December 1997)
Other Research
Tyler, John H. "The General Educational Development (GED) Credential: History, Current Research, and Directions for Policy and Practice." Review of Adult Learning and Literacy Chapter 3, Volume 5. National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005.
- Chapter Summary http://www.ncsall.net/?id=778
Packard, Abbot L., and Chafin, Carol.NINETY DAYS TO A GED: A FIRST LOOK in Vertex, The Online Journal of Adult and Workforce Education, Volume 1 Issue 2, April, 2005. http://vawin.jmu.edu/vertex/article.php?v=1&i=2&a=1
